The Hedgehog system involves a solid but flexible defence in which Black develops by b6, e6, Bb7, and Be7, before controlling the fifth rank with moves such as a6 and d6.There are several types of positions that can arise from the Symmetrical Defence. In the latter case, Black can play 5.Nc6 6.Bg2 Nc7 followed by 7.e5, reaching a reversed Maróczy Bind position called the Rubinstein System. White can either challenge the centre with 5.d4 or 5.e4 or allow Black a space advantage in the centre with 5.g3. d5 is 1.c4 c5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Nf3 d5, when White usually trades off in the centre 4.cxd5 Nxd5. A typical line of play where Black plays an early.Alternatively, the position could transpose into a Tarrasch Defense in the Queen's Gambit Declined. With 2.e3 Nf6, the position transposes into a Panov–Botvinnik Attack after 3.d4 cxd4 4.exd4 d5. Same as above, the position could transpose into a Queen's Gambit Declined or an Open Sicilian involving the Maróczy Bind. After 3.cxd4 4.Nxd4, Black could follow up with 4.e5 forcing White's knight to go to the queenside and avoiding the transpositions to the Sicilian or the QGD however, White could avoid the line by first playing 3.Nc3 and then play 4.d4, if Black doesn't play 3.d5 (see below). When Black plays 2.Nf6, these lines are often called the Anti-Benoni, since these positions are often reached after the transposition 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.Nf3, where White avoided the Benoni Defense that would arise after 3.d5. If Black manages to play d5 before White plays e4, then the game could transpose into variants of the Queen's Gambit Declined. The games can give a large variety of positional and tactical ideas, and can transpose into variants of the Open Sicilian involving the Maróczy Bind, such as the Accelerated Dragon, Taimanov, Kan, or Kalashnikov Variations, if White plays e4 in a later move. Bobby Fischer created a stir when he switched to it from his customary 1.e4 late in his career, employing it against Lev Polugaevsky and Oscar Panno at the Palma de Mallorca Interzonal in 1970, and in his world championship match against Boris Spassky.Īfter 3.d4, the game usually continues with 3.cxd4 4.Nxd4. Mikhail Botvinnik, Tigran Petrosian, Anatoly Karpov, Garry Kasparov, and Magnus Carlsen have employed it during their world championship matches. It is now recognised as a solid opening that may be used to reach both classical and hypermodern positions. It did not inspire Staunton's contemporaries and caught on only in the twentieth century. The English derives its name from the leading 19th century English master Howard Staunton, who played it during his 1843 match with Saint-Amant and at London 1851, the first international tournament. Although many lines of the English have a distinct character, the opening is often used as a transpositional device in much the same way as 1.Nf3 – to avoid such highly regarded responses to 1.d4 as the Nimzo-Indian and Grünfeld Defences - and is considered reliable and flexible. White begins the fight for the centre by staking a claim to the d5-square from the wing, in hypermodern style. The English Opening is a chess opening that begins with the move:Ī flank opening, it is the fourth most popular and, according to various databases, one of the four most successful of White's twenty possible first moves. Howard Staunton, English player and World Champion (unofficial)
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